What are some solutions for building a simple web app for data capture and analysis?

I am a Track & Field coach. I record over 5,000 40-yard sprint dashes a year, track weight training programs, as well as numerous other statistics for individual athletes.

I want to build an athlete training log so I can compare and contrast training volumes, stimulus, and results. Having detailed logs and reports of training adaptations would allow me identify potentially beneficial/not so beneficial training methodologies.

My simple web app would need to be able to perform the following:

• Ability to add in specific categories for data capture. Examples: 40-yard dash time (seconds) / 10 meter fly (seconds) / Back Squat (lbs. or kilos) / Deadlift (lbs. or kilos) • Ability to input individual performances per athlete. • Ability to plot a trend graph for each category of data.

What would be a lightweight way of creating such an application?

I could do this in a Google Sheet or Excel Spreadsheet. However, I'd love to work on creating my own custom application to do this simple data tracking and provide reporting for analysis, and learn how to handle data in web apps.

What technology, framework, or tools would be friendly to a beginner looking to learn?