Best practice for dealing with inherited settings, rights etc.?

I am currently working on a project and must solve the following problem:

One user can be in a group. A group can have one parent group. (Recursively -> the parent group can also have one parent group but several child groups and so on)

A group can have rights and settings which should be inherited to the children. The children (groups and users) can override the different rights / settings.

The settings and rights are only for starters, later more data will be added (prices for products ... etc.)

Rights and settings will be stored in other tables.

No tables have yet been created, this is just the task.

Which is the best way to retrieve for one user the rights / settings (or later any other information)?

Thanks for your ideas and sorry for my english :-)